Virtual Molecular Biology Lab

Experiments

1. 01

   Extraction of Genomic DNA from Blood

   Cell lysis, protein removal and DNA precipitation on a 3 mL whole-blood sample using Reagent A and Reagent B.

2. 02

   Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

   Cast a 1% agarose gel, load 300 ng of genomic DNA with loading dye, run at 95 V for 45 min and image it on the UV box.

3. 03

   Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

   Primer design rules, the four essential components and the three temperature-governed steps of a PCR cycle.

4. 04

   Optimization of Annealing Temperature

   Calculate every PCR volume, build a master mix with the n+1 rule and run an 8-temperature gradient.

5. 05

   PCR Troubleshooting

   Case files: no band, primer dimer, smear, wrong size and GC-rich templates — find the cause, fix it, re-run.

6. 06

   Digestion of DNA with Restriction Enzymes

   Assemble a 20 µL MstII digest, incubate at 37 °C, stop with EDTA, and read normal vs sickle patterns.

7. 07

   Southern Blotting Technique

   Digest, separate, denature, transfer, fix and probe DNA to find one gene.

8. 08

   Northern Blotting Technique

   RNase-free work, denaturing gel, transfer and probing for expression.

9. 09

   Western Blotting Technique

   SDS-PAGE, electro-transfer, blocking and antibody detection.

10. 010

    Dot Blotting Technique

    Spot samples on a membrane, block, probe and compare dot intensity.